Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Two Rules for Connectathon

“   Two rules of software development
  1. Just get it to work
  2. If it ain't broke, don't fix it.

I've written about these rules before.  For connectathon they apply in spades.

Violate rule number 2 at your own risk.  If you decide that you need to do a clean install just before you get here, make sure you have it all.  Sometimes doing unnecessary work to fix things does more damage than living with what you had already tested.

On rule number 1, if you are having a problem, work first on getting it fixed to the point that it passes.  Make the fix elegant and maintainable when you have more time (and keep good notes).

There's another thing about rule #1.  If you cannot get it to work with partner A, don't spend hours trying to work it out.  Find another partner to test with to see if you can just get it to work.  Don't let a blocking problem keep you from completing other activity.

Finally, one last note:  If you cannot get it to work with A + B + C all at once, simplify.  Try to make it work with just one of them.  Then add the other, then put it all together.  Don't try ATNA TLS + ATNA Logging + PIX Query + XDS Provide and Register as your very first test.

Tracking your progress at Connectathon

After over eight (!) years participating at the IHE Connectathon, I've developed a number of techniques to determine how on track I or teams I'm supporting are.  These are really simple metrics.

Day one:
Did you come with your stuff and are you on the network by 9:00?  Good
Are you still having network problems at 10:00? Bad
At the end of the day, have you done ALL your no-peer testing?  Good
Are they all verified?  Excellent.
Have you made progress on peer-to-peer testing?  Good
Have you made 0 progress?  Really bad.
NOTE:  In past years, connectathon monitors have been told on Wednesday to focus priorities on peer-to-peer testing, because if you haven't finished your no-peer tests by then, likely you will fail.

Day two:
At the end of the day, do you feel like you will finish peer-to-peer tomorrow?  Good
Have you nearly finished or finished peer-to-peer testing on any profile?  Excellent.
Do you still have more than half of your peer-to-peer testing to finish?  Bad
Still not connected?  If you cannot connect tomorrow, better check for an early flight out. 

Day Three: 
At the end of the day, are you done peer-to-peer testing?  Good. 
Are they all verified?  Excellent. 
Are you nearly done?  Don't panic YET, but get it done first thing, or stay late if possible.
Still not connected?  Go home.

Day Four:
Did you make progress on group tests?  Good.
Did you finish group tests?  Excellent.
Still not connected?  Why are you here?
All done?  Excellent.  Now is the time to go for stretch goals or help colleagues.

Day Five:
Ready to be told you can leave?  Excellent.
Nearly done?  OK, but scramble.

If, along the way you discover that you WON'T be able to meet some of the criteria for a profile, and you don't have another reason to keep testing it, DROP it, or at least don't waste any more time on it.  Dropping a profile is a favor to others who may otherwise try to test with you.

This morning's connectathon lesson is brought to you by the Llama.

The Connectathon Conference

It's a bit of a different experience being an attendee at the Connectathon Conference than it is being on the Connectathon floor.  For one, since I was speaking, I wore a suit.  Most of the people attending the conference don't know me, and I figure it makes it easier for them to accept me as an expert if I don't get too much in their face about it.  For another, its an opportunity to hear about how people are using IHE in the real world.

I missed Lisa Spellman's introduction, but I caught Elliote Sloane's (IHE International Board Chair) presentation.  Elliote talks about the history of IHE (going back to 1998), its growth, its newest (and oldest) international member (IHE USA - where he is also on the board).  He also talks about the growth of connecthon participation this year, where we have over 100 companies testing more than 55 IHE profiles.  Last year is was more than 80 companies and 55 profiles.  That's better than 20% growth.  At a dinner later in the evening, I was talking about IHE's growth since I first showed up on the scene.  It's pretty darn impressive.  Since 2001, the North American Connectathon has grown in participants at an average rate of better than 12% a year, and when I look at the total figures (Europe, Asia and other Connectathons), it is growing even faster, better than 15% a year.  I wish I was getting that kind of return on my investments.

Here's a chart of the data I dug up from the Connectathon results on connectathon participation.

Dr. Doug Fridsma, Director of Standards and Interoperability at ONC joined IHE at the Connectathon Conference as the keynote speaker.  Doug ran the audience through his current vision of the Standards and Interoperability Framework.  He highlighted some key points.  One was that specifications should be crisp, and include everything you need with nothing more, and they need to be extensible.  He also highlighted the three recently announced initiatives, one of which includes participation from 3 IHE co-chairs and one board member along with several other IHE members, that being the HL7/IHE/Health Story Consolidation project.  I also introduced several members of the IHE Lab workgroup to Doug and I believe we convinced them to participate in the Laboratory Interface Improvement project.

The Consolidation project is intended to address the biggest issue HITSP was never funded or contracted to address.  That is the creation of a one-stop specification for the implementation of CDA documents.  It goes just a bit further in that not only is there a specification, but also a UML model.  That's critical for future IHE/HL7 and ONC collaboration efforts.  If we all publish the necessary data in the UML model in a standard format like XMI (I just picked that one out of a hat), implementers of CDA would be able to:

1.  Use off-the-shelf tools to create software for reading and writing CDA documents.
2.  Create implementation guides based on the CDA standard.
3.  Share implementation guide data for use by others.

It restores what we tried to accomplish in the first years of IHE PCC by creating the content on the wiki, but in a much better way.  The MDHT CDA Tools project produces DITA output.  That can be transferred to proprietary formats like Microsoft Word, or standard formats like PDF, DocBook or even, heaven forbid, well-linked XHTML.  I'm eager to see what we can do with the tool, and hopeful that IHE PCC can begin to use it to develop profiles.  IHE Radiology is looking at MDHT as well, because they have some CDA templates to create this year also.

Mike Nusbaum gave his update on IHE Canada and how it now fits into the Canadian Standards Collaborative (until recently, IHE Canada participated indirectly, but wasn't part of the collaborative).

Lee Jones (formerly of the former ONC and HITSP) gave an update on the current health IT environment.  The most memorable phrase from his slides were "Meaningful Frenzy", which pretty much describes my life for the last year and the next two.  He also pointed out operational challenges seem to be more daunting than than the technology ones that the PCAST tries to address.  He notes that payers haven't until recently been engaged in mainstream interoperability, but that recent acquisitions of HIT by Payers may be signalling a change. 

After lunch, we heard from Dr. Keith Dreyer who is doing some truly cool things with image sharing in EHR systems at MGH.  IHE has recently developed the Image Enabled Office which looks very similar to the image integration capabilities in Mass General's LMR.  Dr. Dreyer also reports some amazing reductions in use of high cost imaging procedures using CPOE and Clinical Decision Support

Next I gave a workshop on creating IHE profiles, and again, we came up with a winner and three other proposals that will be forwarded to other IHE domains.  The winning submission which I will champion at the next opportunity in PCC is enabling information exchange from pre-surgical information systems to the hospital HIS system.  The American Dental Association is sponsoring a Dentistry Domain in IHE.  Several new IHE Denistry members joined in this meeting and developed their very first profile proposal.  The first meeting is later this week, so they'll already have something to discuss.  I didn't plan it that way and neither did they, but we've already ensured that domain will hit the ground running.  I've got another idea for IHE Eye Care on dealing with umpteen imaging devices, and I'll forward that to the cochairs.  Finally, my personal favorite will get a free ride simply because I like it.  The idea is to extend Request for Clinical Guidance (pdf) profile to enable providing feedback to a CDS Service.  The key idea here is that after providing some alternatives, the EHR can send back a response indicating what was done.  That will enable the supplier of the decision support to do a bunch of cool stuff, most notably benchmarking and metrics, but also use that feedback to improve CDS.

After all that, we gave the attendees a tour of the Connectathon floor, and Doug got a personal tour of the floor led by several IHE luminaries.  I tagged along for fun.

All in all, it was a good day.  I did manage to check in with my teams today, and they seem to be mostly on track.

Tuesday, January 18, 2011

The Knack is not the only skill you need

You have all likely seen this video.


I'm in a room filled with people who have the Knack. You know the type. Give them a great big box of stuff that requires assembly, and they begin immediately begin to put it together without reading the instructions.

The problem is, at the end, when there is one screw left over, they don't know what they've missed. So, now they begin goving over the instructions in detail to figure it out. They will and eventually do figure it out, because they know if they don't, something bad could happen.

Remember, I'm in a room full of these people. Their jobs this week are to put together interoperable solutions. The screws that are left over result in failed tests.

I cannot tell you how many times over the past eight years I've read the instructions to someone else, or the specification, or how many times my colleagues have done the same thing. It usually results in a polite "Oh...thank you" and they resolve their issue to move on to the next problem.

The ones I want to keep are the ones who learn the most valuable lesson of this interaction. They start to read the instructions first.

After all, if the solution was so obvious, IHE would not have been asked to solve the problem in the first place.

So, my best advice for this week. Read.

Monday, January 17, 2011

A Virtual Connectathon

Those of you who regularly follow me know where I am this week... The IHE North American Connectathon.  I think that connectathon is one of the coolest events the healthcare industry does, and its because of the collegial atmosphere and get it done attitude that permeates the whole event.  I'll be live-posting on Connectathon more this week, but I wanted to start off the day with an interesting and related exploration.

A couple of days ago, Doug Fridsma (the keynote speaker at the Connectathon conference on Tuesday) commented to me that this is something that should also be available virtually and year-round (he attended the HL7 Working Group meeting which I was also at last week).
Help Needed
I'm gathering all the web commentary on the PCAST report I can find for a submission to the ONC RFI. If you have links that may not be what I have already seen, tweet me or send me an e-mail with it. 

I've been thinking about this topic a little bit, and wondering what a virtual connectathon would look like.  There are a few challenges to overcome to make the connectathon a virtual event, and the first of these is the intensity of the atmosphere.  This year's North American Connectathon includes more than 150 systems (up 25% over last year), which will execute over the course of one week tens of thousands of tests which will be reviewed by a team of more than 50 people.  According to Bill Majurski, about 70% of the registrants will be using XDS in some form.

I recommend that product teams send at least 2 people to connectathon per product being tested, which gives a fixed cost of about two weeks of effort.  You can do it with one (I've been there and done that), but that's a mountain of effort to put on one persons plate.  Teams also put in about 1-3 weeks of effort pretesting each profile (not including development time).  Most companies test more than one profile, and can often take advantage of overlaps in product requirements to reduce the aggregated time.  Even so, it's still a large time committment.  Spreading that effort out in a virtual event over the course of a year reduces the intensity. 

But the intensity is one of the reasons why connectathons are so valuable.  Participants have a week to succeed.  To do so, they MUST work with their partners, sometimes deep into the night.  There is no other choice, and this necessity makes for partnerships not heard of in the real-world.  How, in a virtual event, can we ensure this kind of participation?  Outside this room, these people are often stiff competitors, but inside they are your testing partners. You work face to face with your partners to succeed at this event, sometimes shouting down the row, skyping or talking with cell-phones, while making code changes live.  A success is often celebrated with a beer or dinner later with these same people.

So a virtual connectathon has to have another purpose, and another way to ensure success, than the event I know and love.  It's pretty hard to share a beer virtually, and without the deadline, impossible to get that kind of coordinated effort among competitors.  Some other possibilities come to mind.  One is to have shorter, more frequent regional events.  We've done that for several years.  IHE members attended a number of different events and demonstrations, some of which included connectathon like testing including the VITL Summit, the eHealth Connecticut Demonstration (2008), and PHIN's annual conference.  While it adds value, it's not what I think Doug is asking for.

So what would a virtual, year-round testing event look like?  Who are the stakeholders?  What are the benefits?  What are the costs?  Who would pay for them?

Stakeholders and Benefits
Governments
Readily available testing of healthcare IT that meets regional requirements.
HIE Organizations
An opportunity to test their systems with new products as they become available.
Healthcare Providers
Products that have been tested more recently and frequently than annually.  The ability to test homegrown solutions and integrations.
Healthcare IT Vendors
The ability to test more frequently than annually, the ability to test at much lower cost and intensity of effort, the ability to test with partners that you didn't have the opportunity to test with at connectathon.
Costs
There are a couple of things that go into the cost equation.  You probably need a virtual private network to set up a "Connectathon" like network environment.  You need someone to manage this, assign access, et cetera.  You also need monitors / test proctors and someone to manage them.  Connectathon itself requires a team of 3-4 people to manage all that, plus a team of about 50 monitors.  You could probably get by with a team of 1-2 to manage the virtual environment and manage test results to start off with, but you still need a larger team to proctor the tests. 

The IHE monitoring team is made up of volunteers.  The concentration of time at Connectathon is what makes it possible for many volunteers to participate.  Some of the monitors are friends of friends of IHE who got dragged in once and keep coming back, others are IHE committee chairs or participants, and a few others are contractors working on large projects (e.g., HITSP) who come as part of their work.  Most come to Connectathon because they like the atmosphere, support the work being done, and they also get free travel to Chicago in January.  Some are giving a week of their lives for nothing more than the experience on the Connectathon floor, using up vacation time to boot.  Many are rather skilled IT people, some with very specialized skills.

Something else has to be done to provide value for monitors other than the free travel because there is no free travel once you go virtual, and you've also radically changed the atmosphere.  Because of the diversity of experience, you'd probably need to pay several skilled individuals to do the job, and you'd need to invest in their skills as well.  My guess is that to do as much work as the 50 volunteers do in one week over the course of a year, you'd need to hire 3-6 part-time contractors to do the same work, and you'd also have to spend some time training them, which might also include participation in new IHE work.

I'd ballpark that a virtual connectathon would have a budget of anywhere from a half-million to a million dollars depending upon how you got the monitors.

Paying for It
So, just to make it simple, let's say that the cost was a cool million dollars.  Cheap at twice the price.  How could that be funded?  At $4000 per system you'd need to get 250 systems to participate in the virtual connectathon.  That's more systems than participate in the annual connectathon, and an enrollment likely not to be reached for some time if ever.  I could see maybe 100 systems after two years if the right incentives were present to participate, and in the first year, 25 - 50 systems if you were lucky.

We could maybe cut the networking costs and staffing requirements by getting the state HIE's to supply resources, equipment, et cetera to the effort.  Maybe the RECs which already have developed some requirements of their own could support testing efforts by supplying monitoring and management skillsets in exchange for having a testing environment and audience they could use for their own purposes.  Educational institutions could support testing as well, exchanging student assistance with testing for the training that the virutal connectathon experience provided and the educational credits that the institution offered.  Hmm, those two weren't even in my original list of stakeholders.

We still lose the intenstity of the live event, but that could be supplied (in smaller doses) by other special purpose time driven events.  State HIE X could sponsor an event designed to test conformance of a variety of systems to an Immunization message.  REC Y could sponsor an event designed to test conformance of a variety of systems to their own region's initiatives.  Sponsorship of an event might have its own costs born by the sponsor, with possible additional fees assessed to event participants, but those fees would have to be reasonable. 

I could certainly see the advantage to vendors to be able to have a system connected year round where these sorts of tests could be routinely performed.  It could eliminate a lot of duplicated effort around the country, and could enable many activities not possible in current Connectathons.  Some of those same resources could be used to support other opportunities in education and innovation later, but I wouldn't want to get too defocused in the first year or two.

It's an idea worth persuing further.  If I were on the board IHE USA, I'd be thinking long and hard about this one.  We could make this idea work, and it could shortly become self-sustaining.  It wouldn't be the same as Connectathon, but nothing virtual ever would be. If you happen to be at Connectathon this week and have read this post, I'd be interested in getting your feedback.

Sunday, January 16, 2011

More of Robin's Eggs

January 16, 2011
Robin's at it again. Here are the bookmarked final rules from 2010 and January 2011 which are available in Google Docs for viewing or download

And here's a worksheet you can use for commenting on Stage 2 objectives.

Netizens 2.0 Response to PCAST

Government 2.0 (of the USA) meet Citizens 2.0 (of the World)

There is an amazing capacity among us humans to hear what we think is important, and not hear at all what we don't care about. We respond to what makes us feel strongly and not at all to that which doesn't. The PCAST report was something that many of us who blog responded to in these terms.  Some of us who responded may not be interested in formulating a direct response to ONC.  After all, this is a US issue, right?  Others of us will revise our initial visceral responses into much more finely tuned words and phrases better suited to use with policy makers.

 I've gathered up commentary from the Blogosphere to the PCAST Report to put together what I call the "Netizens 2.0" response.  The only editing is to make it readable as a PDF document (so I have to change background and text colors), and removing unnecessary multimedia (YouTube videos of the PCAST Video, the Presidential Logo, copies of the PCAST report and pictures of the commentary authors).  I'm also including the comments on the comments.  I figure that there's as much or more expertise on the net that has already commented on the report as went into the report itself, and that expertise is already much more focused on healthcare, so it is vital reading.

This response WON'T have the finely edited turn of phrase that is typical of formal public responses to federal RFI's.  It's rough, and even the very slight reformatting I did do wasn't quite as thorough as I would have liked because of the hours in which I have to fit this in.  But it will content the cogent thoughts of very skilled professionals who also write well, and to a much broader audience.
Here are the list of postings that I included.  If I missed your favorite, my apologies.
All told it's about 65 pages of feedback.  Happy reading.

-- Keith

P.S.  Contrary to what the PCAST reports, modern search engine technology provides inadequate recall and precision on queries.  I had to use both Google and Bing to find some of these reports, and even then,  @VinceKuraitis did a much better job that either.  Thanks Vince, yours was the first on the list.